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PERUVIAN MARINE BIODIVERSITY FOR THE WORLD

Marine biodiversity is the diversity of life in oceans and seas. It is a vital aspect of the three pillars: sustainable economic, social, and environmental development. This maintains the healthy functioning of the planet and provides services that support the health, well-being, and prosperity of humanity.

The Peruvian Sea is one of the most productive and biodiverse in the world. It supports the livelihoods of hundreds of fishing communities: around 76,000 artisanal fishermen, and thousands of jobs created throughout the value chain. The Peruvian Sea contributes to the country’s food security and produces billions of dollars in foreign currency from exports.

The country accounts for half of the world’s landings of giant squid and mahi-mahi. In addition, it has world-renowned products such as squid, notorious for their texture; scallops, known for being a great source of protein; and Peruvian shrimps, famous for their firm structure.

Giant Squid Dosidicus Gigas

The giant squid, also known as pota or potón (Dosidicus gigas), is a straddling marine resource found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Along the entire Peruvian coast.

It is a species with a high fertility rate, characterized for its rapid growth and for its reproduction that occurs only once in its life, after which it dies. It is estimated to live between one and two years. Also, it can reach lengths of over 1 meter and weigh 50 kg.

In Peru, the giant squid is one of the main non-traditional export products and is mainly exported in fillets; it is also exported fresh or cooked in tubes, strips, dices, wings, and tentacles.

Mahi-Mahi Coryphaena Hippurus

A noble fish with white meat, its scientific name is Coryphaena hippurus. It is also known as dorado, pez limón, lampuga, perico, or mahi-mahi.

It is an oceanic and neritic epipelagic species of tropical and subtropical waters. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Mahi Mahi is caught throughout the Peruvian coast with the highest capture between spring and summer, time when these fish reach their largest size.

Mahi Mahi presents very striking colors on its body, with reflections of gold on the sides, blue and metallic green on the upper side area, and white or yellow on the lower areas. Juvenile specimens may have spots forming vertical bars on the sides of their bodies.

Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei

Benthic crustacean distributed along the east coast of the Pacific to the north of Peru. It is mostly caught between 30 and 50 m deep using small trawlers. The farmed species of shrimp, whiteleg shrimp, reaches up to 50 grams of weight in its natural environment, while in captivity it is common to harvest it at around 22 grams—approximately after three or four months of farming.

Peru is ranked 13th in the world in shrimp production. The main producing regions are Tumbes and Piura. The port of Paita (Piura) has the highest output of this hydrobiological resource.

Peruvian Scallops Argopecten Purpuratus

A species of bivalve mollusc of the Pectinidae family that is distributed along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean in Peru. Its common names in Peru are northern oyster and fan shell.

This mollusc is highly valued for the size of its adductor muscle. It has a large, solid, circular shell that is moderately convex and wider than tall. It has a fan shape with both valves convex, the left slightly more than the right. The shells are equivalent, the left valve is somewhat more convex than the right. The umbones are positioned in the middle and face each other. These molluscs have a circular outline and an opaque outermost layer covering the shell.

Squid Loligo Gahi

A nectobenthic species that inhabits coasts and continental shelves to depths down to 600 m. It is characterized by its long mantle, rhombic fins, and 10 long arms. They are semelparous, that is, they die after their reproductive stage.

Cephalopods are dioecious and their gonad is located in the posterior region of their body.

The presence of squid in the Peruvian sea is important because it is food for fish, birds, and marine mammals. It also has commercial importance because its presence in the food industry represents great profits to the Peruvian fishing industry.

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